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December 2, 2005
Christmas Traditions

Throughout the month of December, we'll look at various holiday celebrations: Christmas around the World, Hanukkah, Kwanzaa and Chinese New Year. This week we're focusing on a number of traditions surrounding the holiday of Christmas. In the year 320 A.D., December 25th was specified as the official date of the birth of Christ. The date was selected by Pope Julius I and other religious leaders. More than one billion people belong to Catholic, Protestant and Eastern Orthodox congregations that celebrate the birth of Christ on Christmas day. Traditions, heritage and cultures also bring non-religious Christmas characters to life – like Santa Claus – although it's believed that his character developed from St. Nicholas For those who live in the United States, Christmas traditions are very familiar, but what about other countries' celebrations?

Germany:
Those who hail from Germany call their Christmas Tree a Tannenbaum. Germans commonly have "prune people" in their homes – figurines that are ten inches high. The prune people are thought to bring gold and happiness to the home in which they reside. In Germany, you may even find a pickle – yes, as pickle hiding in the Tannenbaum. This is an old Christmas tradition where young children hunt in the tree to find the hidden pickle to win a special reward. Germans also celebrate "St. Nicholaus Day" on December 6th. The night before, Children leave their boots on the front doorstep and in the morning, the boots would be filled with little treats.

Holland:
Children in Holland also celebrate St. Nicholas Day – but they put wooden shoes out on the doorstep. Children fill their shoes with straw for St. Nicholas' horses, the horses eat the straw and St. Nicholas fills the shoes with presents. For the holiday season, help your children learn about Germany and Holland by placing their shoes or boots on the doorstep on December 6th. Maybe St. Nicholas will actually visit your home!

Italy:
The manger scene is the symbol of Christmas in Italy, where Italians wish each other "Buon Natale" or "Good Christmas." As an Italian tradition, children write letters to their parents, extending wishes for a wonderful Christmas. They also promise not to misbehave for the entire year! If you're eating in a traditional Italian home, your Christmas dinner just might include baked eel, pasta and baccala – a "stinky" fish. Why not teach your children the traditions of Italy by asking them to write a Christmas letter to you?

Ireland:
Our friends in Ireland write letters to Santa and actually throw the letters in their fireplaces, and the smoke from the fire takes the Christmas wishes up to the North Pole. In Ireland, you'll have Christmas puddings, Christmas pies, mincemeat and even spicy beef for your holiday meal! Help your children develop their writing skills by writing letters to Santa together! If you have a fireplace, try out this Irish tradition and see if your wishes come true!

Next week we'll take a look at holiday traditions in Greece, Poland and Mexico – with the celebration of Los Posada. We'll also find out the tradition behind the poinsettia flower! But, you don't have to wait until next week to start teaching your children about holidays from other countries! Remember that learning doesn't have to just take place in a classroom, it can happen right in your very own home. All you have to do is get ready, get set and learn!

Book Selection

Christmas Around the World
by Mary D. Lankford, Karen Dugan (Illustrator)


December 9, 2005
More Christmas Traditions

Last week we looked at Christmas traditions in Germany, Holland, Italy and Ireland. If you missed last week's episode, be sure to check out our activity archives found at www.wjettv.com. This week, we'll continue to help our children learn about the Christmas holiday, by looking at traditions in a few other countries.

Poland:
In the country of Poland, little children are excited to meet their version of Santa Claus—Starman. Starman brings children rewards for their good conduct and often quizzes young children about their catechism. As soon as the first star is seen on Christmas Eve, it's time for supper. Until that moment in the day, nobody eats. In Poland, the holiday table is set with one open seat – left open for the Christ child. To help your child learn more about Polish holiday traditions, cut and decorate stars – for the Christmas holiday in Poland is called the "Festival of the Star."

Greece:
Gifts aren't exchanged until January 1st in Greek homes. January 1st is St. Basil's Day. Greek Orthodox individuals celebrate the Christmas holiday all the way through the Epiphany on January 6th. It was once believed that on this day animals could talk and wishes would be granted. Why not teach your child about Greek tradition by recognizing St. Basil's Day and the Epiphany in your holiday celebrations.

Mexico:
"Feliz Navidad" is the greeting you'd hear in Mexico – which means Happy Nativity. Beginning on December 16th children take part in las posadas – a reenactment of Mary and Joseph's journey to Bethlehem. The flame colored flower – the poinsettia plant originated from Mexico. The Mexican holiday runs all the way through February 2nd. Once the December holiday season winds down, extend your child's experience by making sombreros, pińatas and celebrating with Mexican food.

For those who don't celebrate holidays for other religious reasons, the winter season is often seen as a time for focusing on family and creating own personal traditions. No matter how or what you celebrate, the winter months are great times to teach your children about other countries, other religions and other parts of the world. Next week we'll take a look at Hanukkah – and a great game called Spin the Dreidel. Remember that learning doesn't have to just take place in a classroom. It can happen in your own home. All you have to do is get ready, get set, and learn!

Book Selection

Olive, the Other Reindeer (Hardcover)
by Vivian Walsh, J.Otto Seibold, J. Otto Seibold


The Legend of the Poinsettia (Paperback)
by Tomie dePaola


Nine Days to Christmas (Paperback)
by Marie Hall Ets, Aurora Labastida


The Night of Las Posadas (Hardcover)
by Tomie dePaola


December 16, 2005
Hanukkah

Each year those of Jewish faith celebrate Hanukkah. This year the holiday starts on Christmas and continues until sunset on New Year’s Day. This is purely coincidental, because Christmas and Hanukkah are not related in any way – they just fall around the same time of the year – as do Passover and Easter. Hanukkah is one of Judaism’s minor holidays because it actually occurred after the Bible was written – so it wasn’t included in the Bible. The word Hanukkah means “dedication” and the holiday lasts for eight days and eight nights. On each night of Hanukkah, the menorah is lit to commemorate a miracle which occurred after the Jews proclaimed victory over the Syrian armies in 165 B.C.E. When Jews came to rededicate the Temple—which had been defiled by the Syrians—they found only one small flask of oil with which to light the menorah. This flask contained only enough oil for one day, yet the lamp burned for eight days (by which time a fresh supply of oil was obtained). On the first night of Hanukkah, one light is lit. On each successive night a light is added until the eighth night, when all the lights are lit. Candles are placed in the menorah from right to left, but lit from left to right. The highest candle, known as the Shamash or "servant", is used to light the other candles. Blessings are recited each night before the lights are kindled.

The dreidel is a four-sided spinning top with a Hebrew letter inscribed on each side. In America the letters stand for "A Great Miracle Happened There". In Israel the letters mean "A Miracle Happened Here".

Each player receives a given number of coins or candy pieces. Before spinning the dreidel, each player puts a fixed proportion of the amount received into the "kupah" or kitty. Each player in turn spins the dreidel. When the dreidel falls, it will fall on one of the 4 letters. According to the letter, the following will happen:

  Nun - no win / no lose
  Gimmel - take all (from the kitty)
  Heh - take half (from the kitty)
  Peh or Shin - lose (what you deposited)


The game continues until players have run out of 'funds' or it is agreed to stop (anyone losing all funds is out of the game).
• The dreidel game was popular during the rule of Antiochus before the Maccabees' revolt, a time when soldiers executed any Jews who were caught practicing their religion. When pious Jews gathered to study the Torah, they had the top ready in case they heard soliders approaching. If the soldiers appeared, they would hide the holy scriptures and pretend to play with the dreidl.
•In Israel the dreidel is called a sivivon.
•The yiddish word "dreidel" is derived from the German word "drehen", or "turn".

Online resources for learning more about Hanukkah:
http://www.historychannel.com/exhibits/holidays/hanukkah/traditions.html
http://www.abcteach.com/shapebooks/Holidays/menorah.htm
http://www.abcteach.com/shapebooks/Holidays/dreidel.htm

Book Selection

Spin the Dreidel! (Board book)
by Alexandra Cooper, Claudine Gévry (Illustrator)


December 23, 2005
Kwanzaa

Kwanzaa is a non-religious African-American holiday that celebrates the harvest and teaches principles that go far beyond ethic boundaries. It is celebrated for seven days – from December 26 – January 1. Kwanzaa was created in 1966 in the United States by Dr. Maulana Karenga, a professor. The name “Kwanzaa” which means “first fruits of the harvest,” comes from the African language of Swahili. Many of the words you hear associated with Kwanzaa are Swahili words.

During Kwanzaa seven candles are placed in a kinara, which is a wooden candle holder. For each day of Kwanzaa, one candle is lighted to celebrate a special principle. These principles come from beliefs held by families in many part of Africa. On each of the seven days, families will participate in an activity that symbolizes that day’s principle.

Kwanzaa gifts, called zawadi, are made by hand and all gifts symbolize African ancestry. African folktale beads with homemade storybooks are a sample of such gifts. To help teach your child about Kwanzaa, consider making a beaded necklace together. The seven principles of Kwanzaa are:
• Unity
• Self-determination
• Responsibility
• Cooperative economics
• Purpose
• Creativity
• Faith
To experience Kwanzaa’s principles with your child:

• Write and sing a song about the unity in your family • Read books about determined people who have achieved great goals • Make posters encouraging responsible behavior around the house • Work together with your child to raise money for a charity • Read stories or watch moves where characters show strength of purpose. • Take part in creative play • Learn about different faiths and different religions

Online resources:
http://pbskids.org/arthur/holiday/coloring/kwaa.html
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/aaworld/reference/articles/kwanzaa.html
http://www.dltk-holidays.com/kwanzaa
http://www.abcteach.com/monthtomonth/holidays/fruit
http://www.abcteach.com/monthtomonth/holidays/corn
http://www.historychannel.com/exhibits/holidays/kwanzaa/hist.html

Book Selection

Jump at the Sun: It's Beginning to Look a Lot Like Kwanzaa!
by Victoria Parker, Vic Parker, Emily Bolam (Illustrator)


December 30, 2005
Chinese New Year

The Chinese New Year has a great history. In other traditions, by this time in the year, most resolutions - made on December 31 - have been subtly forgotten and placed in a cupboard marked "maybe next year." However, all hope is not lost, as there's a second chance to start afresh with the celebration of Chinese New Year on February 12th. The Chinese New Year is very similar to the Western one, swathed in traditions and rituals.

The origin of the Chinese New Year is itself centuries old - in fact, too old to actually be traced. It is popularly recognized as the Spring Festival and celebrations last 15 days. Preparations tend to begin a month from the date of the Chinese New Year (similar to a Western Christmas), when people start buying presents, decoration materials, food and clothing. A huge clean-up gets underway days before the New Year, when Chinese houses are cleaned from top to bottom, to sweep away any traces of bad luck, and doors and windowpanes are given a new coat of paint, usually red. The doors and windows are then decorated with paper cuts and couplets with themes such as happiness, wealth and longevity printed on them.

The eve of the New Year is perhaps the most exciting part of the event, as anticipation creeps in. Here, traditions and rituals are very carefully observed in everything from food to clothing. Dinner is usually a feast of seafood and dumplings, signifying different good wishes. Delicacies include prawns, for liveliness and happiness, dried oysters (or ho xi), for all things good, raw fish salad or yu sheng to bring good luck and prosperity, Fai-hai (Angel Hair), an edible hair-like seaweed to bring prosperity, and dumplings boiled in water (Jiaozi) signifying a long-lost good wish for a family. It's usual to wear something red as this colour is meant to ward off evil spirits - but black and white are out, as these are associated with mourning. After dinner, the family sit up for the night playing cards, board games or watching TV programs dedicated to the occasion. At midnight, the sky is lit up by fireworks.

On the day itself, an ancient custom called Hong Bao, meaning Red Packet, takes place. This involves married couples giving children and unmarried adults money in red envelopes. Then the family begins to say greetings from door to door, first to their relatives and then their neighbours. Like the Western saying "let bygones be bygones," at Chinese New Year, grudges are very easily cast aside.

The end of the New Year is marked by the Festival of Lanterns, which is a celebration with singing, dancing and lantern shows. Although celebrations of the Chinese New Year vary, the underlying message is one of peace and happiness for family members and friends.

The Chinese calendar follows the moon and divides the years into groups of 12. Each year is named for an animal. People born in that year are believed to share different traits. Research the various animals to determine which group you belong in.

2006 is the year of the dog. The other animals are: • Rat
• Ox
• Tiger
• Rabbit
• Dragon
• Snake
• Horse
• Sheep
• Monkey
• Rooster
• Pig

Activity for children:
http://www.dltk--kids.com/world/china/mcalendarwreath.html

Book Selection

Chinese New Year For Kids
by Cindy Roberts


My First Chinese New Year
by Karen Katz


Happy, Happy Chinese New Year!
by Demi Hitz


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