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Online Viewing Quiz
- True or False? Orienteering is nicknamed "the thinking sport".
- Can you explain the physical and mental benefits of participating in orienteering?
- Name the two navigational tools used in the sport of orienteering.
- True or False? A pace is measured by counting every other step you take.
- True or False? Orienteering is an international sport, therefore; all maps used are measured in feet and inches.
Answers
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- True
- Mental benefits include: compass and map reading skills, time and distance estimation, and various mathematical calculations. Physical benefits include: cardiovascular workouts by hiking, climbing and running outdoors.
- A map and a compass
- True
- False, because orienteering is an international sport, it is measured in meters and centimeters.
Reading, Writing, Speaking and Listening
PA Academic Standards - 1.1.8 F
Every sport has its own language. And every time you learn about a new sport, there are usually new words that are unfamiliar to you. By learning the new words used in the sport, you will be able to better understand the sport and the rules involved in the game.
Using the word bank, see if you can complete the following definitions of vocabulary used in orienteering:
Word Bank
Leg, Meridian, Aiming off, Relocation, Course, Bearing, Re-entrant, Key, Orienting the map, Legend, Punch, Control, Meet, Knoll, Attack point, Control card, Pace counting
- _______________A technique involving deliberately aiming to one side of a point on a linear feature so there is only one way to turn to find a control.
- _______________A large feature close to the control used in selecting and executing a route.
- _______________The direction you want to travel.
- _______________The prism-shaped, red and white marker placed in the field prior to an orienteering event and corresponding to a known map point: to be located during the event.
- _______________Card orienteers carry to mark each control they visit.
- _______________The start, controls, and finish that all orienteers pass through.
- _______________A list of symbols represented on the map. Also called the legend.
- _______________A small hill shown on a map as a brown dot.
- _______________The section of the course between any two consecutive control points.
- _______________A list of symbols represented on the map. Also called the key.
- _______________An organized competition. Also called an event.
- _______________Lines that are real and imaginary respectively, running true North and true South on a map, or terrain.
- _______________Turning the map until north on the map points to north on the terrain. Also called setting the map.
- _______________Counting double paces to measure distance covered on the ground.
- _______________Instrument found at each control and used by an orienteer to mark the control card. Each punch has a distinctive set of needles.
- _______________A small valley.
- _______________Finding your position on the map when you were originally lost.
Answers
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- Aiming off
- Attack point
- Bearing
- Control
- Control card
- Course
- Key
- Knoll
- Leg
- Legend
- Meet
- Meridian
- Orienting the map
- Pace counting
- Punch
- Re-entrant
- Relocation
Geography
PA Academic Standards - 7.1.6 A and B
The ability to read a map is an essential skill used in orienteering. There are a wide variety of maps and each has a special purpose. Test your map knowledge and see if you can match the type of map or map term with its description.
- The scale of the map explaining the various symbols that can be found on the map such as bodies of water, railroad tracks, trails or roads.
- A line representing a certain amount of elevation on a map.
- A map showing the detailed picture of terrain using contour lines.
- A map featuring general information about a park's major landmarks, hiking trails, campsites, restrooms, swimming, canoeing, and other points of interest.
- A map designed using a smaller scale (1/2 inch on map is equal to one mile on the trail). The smaller scale allows the map to cover a larger area but it does not provide topographical info.
- Topographical Map
- Bureau of Land Management Map
- Legend
- National Park Map
- Contour Line
Answers
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- c-Legend
- e-Contour Line
- a-Topographical Map
- d-National Park Map
- b-Bureau of Land Management Map
Mathematics
PA Academic Standards - 2.3.8 C
The ability to use a compass is an essential skill used in the sport of orienteering. To do so effectively, you will need to be able to measure angles in degrees and determine relations of angles. Try to calculate the basic angles listed below:
- Do you recall that a circle is divided into 360 degrees? Well, a compass face is simply a circle marked off in degrees by numbers from 0 to 360. Measured clockwise from the top, which is zero degrees or North, can you determine the degree of the angle ¼ of the way around the compass or East?
- Now, can you determine the degree of 1/2 of the way around the compass or South?
- Finally, can you determine the degree of 3/4 of the way around the compass or West?
Answers
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- East = 90 degrees
- South = 180 degrees
- West = 270 degrees
To maximize accuracy when using a compass, remember these rules:
- Directly face the object to which you're measuring the bearing.
- Keep the compass level
- Hold the compass directly in front of you, not at an angle.
- To align the magnetic needle and orienting arrow, hold the compass close enough so that you look down on the face, not sideways at it.
Learn Even More About Orienteering
Orienteering web sites:
International Orienteering Federation:
www.orienteering.org
US Orienteering Federation:
www.us.orienteering.org
Orienteering:
www.4orienteering.com
Resources Used
Staying Found-The Complete Map and Compass Handbook, by June Fleming, copyright 2001, published by The Mountaineers Books.
Orienteering, by Tom Renfrew, copyright 1997, published by Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc.
Orienteering for Sport and Pleasure, by Hans Bengtsson and George Atkinson, copyright 1977, published by The Stephen Greene Press
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